1

Archimedes’ Principle: the strong basis of its Generalization (first published in
1998 i.e. about 25 years ago,

This discussion is ONLY meant for completely submerged and freely floating bodies of
different shapes and sizes (same density), in fluids at different depths of various VISCOSITIES
and DENSITIES. The discussed experiments are at the macroscopic level.
This issue has not been addressed in literature in the past 2275 years. Experiments are
exceptionally typical so the author could not conduct them.
Also theoretically the Principle predicts in the case of floating bodies (as mentioned above) V =
0/0, V is the volume of mass filled in a completely submerged floating body in a fluid. This discussion has
no implications in other cases where the principle is confirmed.
Original Equation of Archimedes Principle (written 2150 years after the enunciation of the principle
when weight was defined)
Upthrust = VD f g (1)
V of a body immersed in fluid m; D f density of the fluid, g is the acceleration due to gravity.
Generalized Upthrurst = K VD f g (2)
Coefficient K accounts for various experimental factors, the depth at which the complete body floats in
fluid, the different shapes of bodies, other involved factors, etc.
Now theoretically result is not V =0/0 but V = V. Sensitive experiments are needed for confirmation of
Eq.(2).
Eq.(2) was written after 1901 based on simple qualitative experiments. Primarily these experiments
involved floating balloons in water.

2

Generalized form of Archimedes Principle (1990)

This discussion is ONLY meant for completely submerged and freely floating bodies of
different shapes and sizes (same density), in fluids at different depths of various VISCOSITIES
and DENSITIES. The discussed experiments are at the macroscopic level.
This issue has not been addressed in literature in the past 2275 years. Experiments are
exceptionally typical so the author could not conduct them.
Also theoretically the Principle predicts in the case of floating bodies (as mentioned above) V =
0/0, V is the volume of mass filled in a completely submerged floating body in a fluid. This discussion has
no implications in other cases where the principle is confirmed.
Original Equation of Archimedes Principle (written 2150 years after the enunciation of the principle
when weight was defined)
Upthrust = VD f g (1)
V of a body immersed in fluid m; D f density of the fluid, g is the acceleration due to gravity.
Generalized Upthrurst = K VD f g (2)
Coefficient K accounts for various experimental factors, the depth at which the complete body floats in
fluid, the different shapes of bodies, other involved factors, etc.
Now theoretically result is not V =0/0 but V = V. Sensitive experiments are needed for confirmation of
Eq.(2).
Eq.(2) was written after 1901 based on simple qualitative experiments. Primarily these experiments
involved floating balloons in water.

3

Archimedes principle Generalized 2011

This discussion is ONLY meant for completely submerged and freely floating bodies of
different shapes and sizes (same density), in fluids at different depths of various VISCOSITIES
and DENSITIES. The discussed experiments are at the macroscopic level.
This issue has not been addressed in literature in the past 2275 years. Experiments are
exceptionally typical so the author could not conduct them.
Also theoretically the Principle predicts in the case of floating bodies (as mentioned above) V =
0/0, V is the volume of mass filled in a completely submerged floating body in a fluid. This discussion has
no implications in other cases where the principle is confirmed.
Original Equation of Archimedes Principle (written 2150 years after the enunciation of the principle
when weight was defined)
Upthrust = VD f g (1)
V of a body immersed in fluid m; D f density of the fluid, g is the acceleration due to gravity.
Generalized Upthrurst = K VD f g (2)
Coefficient K accounts for various experimental factors, the depth at which the complete body floats in
fluid, the different shapes of bodies, other involved factors, etc.
Now theoretically result is not V =0/0 but V = V. Sensitive experiments are needed for confirmation of
Eq.(2).
Eq.(2) was written after 1901 based on simple qualitative experiments. Primarily these experiments
involved floating balloons in water.

4

Archimedes International Chemistry Conference 2017

This discussion is ONLY meant for completely submerged and freely floating bodies of
different shapes and sizes (same density), in fluids at different depths of various VISCOSITIES
and DENSITIES. The discussed experiments are at the macroscopic level.
This issue has not been addressed in literature in the past 2275 years. Experiments are
exceptionally typical so the author could not conduct them.
Also theoretically the Principle predicts in the case of floating bodies (as mentioned above) V =
0/0, V is the volume of mass filled in a completely submerged floating body in a fluid. This discussion has
no implications in other cases where the principle is confirmed.
Original Equation of Archimedes Principle (written 2150 years after the enunciation of the principle
when weight was defined)
Upthrust = VD f g (1)
V of a body immersed in fluid m; D f density of the fluid, g is the acceleration due to gravity.
Generalized Upthrurst = K VD f g (2)
Coefficient K accounts for various experimental factors, the depth at which the complete body floats in
fluid, the different shapes of bodies, other involved factors, etc.
Now theoretically result is not V =0/0 but V = V. Sensitive experiments are needed for confirmation of
Eq.(2).
Eq.(2) was written after 1901 based on simple qualitative experiments. Primarily these experiments
involved floating balloons in water.

5

Archimedes PDF

This discussion is ONLY meant for completely submerged and freely floating bodies of
different shapes and sizes (same density), in fluids at different depths of various VISCOSITIES
and DENSITIES. The discussed experiments are at the macroscopic level.
This issue has not been addressed in literature in the past 2275 years. Experiments are
exceptionally typical so the author could not conduct them.
Also theoretically the Principle predicts in the case of floating bodies (as mentioned above) V =
0/0, V is the volume of mass filled in a completely submerged floating body in a fluid. This discussion has
no implications in other cases where the principle is confirmed.
Original Equation of Archimedes Principle (written 2150 years after the enunciation of the principle
when weight was defined)
Upthrust = VD f g (1)
V of a body immersed in fluid m; D f density of the fluid, g is the acceleration due to gravity.
Generalized Upthrurst = K VD f g (2)
Coefficient K accounts for various experimental factors, the depth at which the complete body floats in
fluid, the different shapes of bodies, other involved factors, etc.
Now theoretically result is not V =0/0 but V = V. Sensitive experiments are needed for confirmation of
Eq.(2).
Eq.(2) was written after 1901 based on simple qualitative experiments. Primarily these experiments
involved floating balloons in water.

6

An Alternate Theory of Rising, Falling, and Floating bodies.

(Published in 1997, the total number of printed pages 15, equation 57, basis some qualitative
observations; also highlighted in the books by the author).
There are various equations used for the explanation of rising, falling, and floating bodies in

fluids. Here an attempt has been made to develop an alternate theory for the same. New terms
have been coined.
Hidden Ratio (HR) = Force exerted by medium /Force exerted by the body

HR = b
m
F
F
= bb
mm
Da
Da
= bbb
mmm
Dyx
Dyx
(1)

F m force exerted by medium, F b force exerted by the body, a m factor due to medium, a b factor due
to body. x m , y m factor is due to medium, x b ,y b factors due to body; these are experimentally
determined.
If HR =1, the body floats, HR>1 body rises and HR <1 body falls.
Falling Factor (FF)

FF=1-HR= (1- bbb
mmm
Dyx
Dyx
) (2)

Rising Factor (RF)

RF=HR-1= ( bbb
mmm
Dyx
Dyx
-1) (3)
This is a simple theoretical description, that needs to be elaborated with experiments.

7

Stokes law revalidates Aristotle’s assertion (about Falling Bodies)

8

Water Barometer published in US Magazine Infinite Energy.

NASA’s Parker Solar Probe is about 173 million km from the Earth and controlled by scientists from
the Earth. So experimental precision is exceptionally high.

But so far scientists have not formed a Water Barometer. The height of the water column in the Water
Barometer would be 10.33m, as the same for the mercury column is 0.76m. The height of liquid column
will be 8.2m.
P = D L gH =Density of Liquid x acceleration due to gravity x Height of Liquid column (1)
So, a water barometer may be formed which has not been formed yet by scientists on a quantitative level. Also,
g = P /D L H (2)
P = 1.0136×10 5  Nm -2 , D L is measured, then measuring H for water g may be measured. So it gives an alternate
method for the measurement of g. This is important for basic experiments relating to gravitation.