1

Brief History of Newton’s Third Law of Motion and its Future.

1. 1.0 How any Law is Established currently.
Simple method is mentioned from perception to experimental justification
This process was not followed in the case of Newton’s Third Law.
2.0 How Newton’s Third Law was established?
The law was established qualitatively in 215 years ( 1686- 1901). Then mathematical equations
became feasible. It is suggested that equations must be experimentally confirmed

2

Third Law about falling and rebounding bodies

The realistic visualization of freely falling and rebounding bodies at the macroscopic level
and the generalization of Newton’s Third law of motion.
Original form of Newton’s Third Reaction (FBA) = – Action (FAB)
Law is generalized after 337 years
Generalized form of Third Law: Reaction (FBA) = – Action (FAB) [Kshape x Kcomposition x Ktarget x Kother ]
The dissipation of energy, inter-conversion of energy from one form to another considered
In experiments: Effect of Kshape to be determined, by keeping the effect of Kcomposition, Ktarget , Kother ,
etc constant.
 

3

Third Law Experimental Proposal

 The various experiments, the experimental equipment, procedure for conducting experiments for freely
falling and rebounding bodies are described.

4

Third Law Report CSIR-SWOFT October 2019

This report (October 2019) approves the originality and importance of the paper generalizing Newton’s
Third Law of Motion. Further suggestions are for submission of the project. It changed my approach
towards work. The five-member committee, constituted by CSIR, New Delhi in 2022, again approved the
report in November 2022.
 

5

Third Law Support of President American Association of Physics Teachers 22 August 2018.

I presented three papers (Generalization of Newton’s Third Law, Newton did not give F =ma,
Generalized form of Archimedes Principle) at the Washington conference of the American Association of
Physics Teachers (29 July-2august 2018). This letter of support pertains to this meeting of AAPT.
This conference changed me completely as I had a positive approach afterward towards work;
however, none funded it and I spent savings from my family to attend the conference.

6

Third Law International Scientists approve the experiments.

These recommendations are comments from various scientists and Editors who have gone through
my work.

7

Third Law Bodies of various SHAPES. The law must be confirmed for the body of each shape

This presentation simply shows bodies of different shapes where Newton’s Third Law is applicable.

8

Third Law Oldest published paper in 1998-1999

I published modified Newton’s Third Law of Motion about 25 years ago, however perceived the same in
student days. But it requires courage even to talk about such issues regarding Sir Isaac Newton in the
scientific community, so publication was delayed.

9

Third Law paper published in 2016

In this paper, the Third Law is modified with details especially drawing conclusions from colliding bodies.
Editor Physics Essays (Canadian Journal of Innovative Physics) got the paper revised several times
because of reports from referees. Thus even the Editor and referees took more than two years for
recommendation for publication extending Newton.
 

10

Third Law Target and Friction

This paper discusses the role of the target in the third law and also discusses the cause of friction.

11

Third Law published Elaborated Essay 1

Here is a detailed discussion of Newton’s Third Law, also various philosophical aspects are taken into
account.

12

Third Law published Elaborated Essay 2

Here is a detailed discussion of Newton’s Third Law, also various philosophical aspects are taken into
account.

13

Third Law, a firsthand draft

A practically generalized form is applied in the recoil of the gun, elastic collisions, and Tsiolkovsky’s ideal
rocket equation.
The first-hand draft of the generalized form of the third law. This a big article and completed (without any
correction for language, or scientific improvement needed)